تەغدمباش پامیر

تەغدمباش پامیر (بە چینی: 塔克敦巴什帕米尔 یان لە ڕووی مێژوویییەوە چینی: 塔德八士}^[١])یان دۆڵی تاکسکۆرگان^[٢] پامیر یان دۆڵی بەرزە^[٣] لە باشووری ڕۆژاوای تاشکورگان پارێزگای ئۆتۆنۆمی تاجیک، لە شینجیانگ، چین. دەکەوێتە ڕۆژاوای ڕێگای سەرەکی کاراکۆرام. ئاژەڵدارەکانی واخی و کەرغیز و سەریکۆلی نیشتەجێن، کە لە چیمەنتۆی پامیردا یاک و ئاژەڵەکانی دیکە دەلەوەڕێن.^[٤]

ھەروەھا ھەندێک جار ناوی تەغدمباش پامیر بۆ زنجیرە چیایەکانی دەوروبەری پامیر بەکاردەھێنرێت، لە سنووری پاکستان و ئەفغانستان و تاجیکستان، کە بە درێژایی زنجیرە چیای پامیر بە درێژایی زنجیرە چیای ساریکۆڵ و ھیندۆسی کوش و چیای مستەغ و واخان دەبڕدرێن. ئەم مەودایە پارێزگای بەداخشان لە ئەفغانستان، پارێزگای خۆسەری گۆرنۆ-بەداخشان لە تاجیکستان و گیلگیت-بالتیستان لە پاکستان دابەش دەکات.

لە سەردەمی شانشینی چینگدا، چینییەکان ئیدیعای سەروەرییان دەکرد بەسەر ناوچەکەدا بەڵام ڕێگەیان بە میری ھونزا دا کە ناوچەکە بەڕێوەببات لە بەرامبەر باجێکدا.^[٥] بەپێی سەرچاوە کۆلۆنیالییەکانی بەریتانیا، ئەم ڕێکخستنە لە سەرەتای شانشینی ئایۆشی میری ھونزا دەستی پێکردووە، کاتێک میرەکان کۆچەرە کەرغیزەکانی تەغدمباش پامیریان داگیرکرد.^[٦] میرەکان لە دافدار کایرنێکی دروست کرد بۆ ئەوەی بەڵگەی کۆنترۆڵکردنی بێت. سیستەمی باجدان تا ساڵی ١٩٣٧ بەردەوام بوو.^[٤]^[٥]

لە ساڵی ١٩٨٤دا، پامیر و دەوروبەری بە پارێزراوی سروشتی تاکسکۆرگان دەستنیشانکرا.^[٢] دۆڵی چالاچیگو، لقێکی پامیرە تاکە شوێنە لە چین کە دەتوانرێت مەڕی مارکۆ پۆلۆی تێدا بدۆزرێتەوە.^[٧]

سەرچاوەکان

^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Taiwan) (2001). 外交部檔案叢書: 界務類 [Ministry of Foreign Affairs Archives: Boundary Affairs]. 外交部. p. 54. ISBN 978-957-02-9381-4. ... 塔德八士兩地繼續與喀什噶爾之中國當局保持禮物之交換 / Taghdumbash to continue maintain tribute exchange with Chinese authorities at Kashgar
^ ^ئ ^ا «Taxkorgan Nature Reserve». icimod.org. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development. لە ڕەسەنەکە لە ١٢ی ئابی ٢٠١٦ ئەرشیڤ کراوە. لە ٥ی شوباتی ٢٠١٧ ھێنراوە. Basically flat and in places more than 5km wide, the Taxkorgan Valley (the Taghdumbash Pamir on old maps) was part of the ancient Silk Route
^ Stein، M. Aurel (1907). Ancient Khotan: Detailed Report of Archaeological Explorations in Chinese Turkestan. Vol. 1. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press. p. 32. That part of the valley which properly bears the designation of Taghdumbash Pamir may be said to extend from the Wakhjir Pass to a short distance above Dafdar
^ ^ئ ^ا «Yak keeping in Western High Asia: Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Southern Xinjiang Pakistan, by Hermann Kreutzmann». The Yak (2nd ed.). Bangkok: FAO RAP. June 2003. ISBN 9251049653.
^ ^ئ ^ا Christopher Snedden (2015). Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris. Oxford University Press. p. 119. ISBN 978-1-84904-342-7. For 200 years, the Mir of Hunza had paid tribute annually to officials of China's Qing/Manchu dynasty located in Kashgar. .. the Mir may have received tribute from a lesser ruler in the Taghdumbash Pamir north of Hunza. Although the Mir of Hunza eventually accepted Dogra suzerainty, the British only forced him to end his tributary relationship with China in 1937
^ «Gazetteer of Gilgit». Simla Government of India Press (2nd ed.). Simla: Government of India Press: 85. 1927. In former days Salim Khan, son of Ayasho and ruler of Hunza, marched against the Kirghiz nomads of the Taghdumash Pamir, and in the battle that ensued utterly routed them. In celebration of his victory he erected a cairn of stones at Dafdar, and sent a trophy of Kirghiz heads as present to the Chinese, together with a message that Hunza territory extended as far as Dafdar. Although hitherto Humza had held no intercourse of any kind with the Chinese, the latter returned a present to Salim Khan for having conquered their enemies, and henceforward a custom of an annual interchange of presents between the Chinese and the people of Hunza has prevailed to this day. Hunza has also drawn a yearly tribute in the form of a grazing tax, from all, whether Kirghiz or Sarikuli, who graze in the Taghdumbash.
^ USFWS (1990-10-05). «Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Proposed Threatened Status for Argali» (PDF). Federal Register. USDOI. لە 2017-02-05 ھێنراوە. consisting of fewer than 150 animals, was confined to the western part of the Chalachigu Valley, a finger of land extending between Afghanistan on the north and Pakistan to the south.

[1] Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Taiwan) (2001). 外交部檔案叢書: 界務類 [Ministry of Foreign Affairs Archives: Boundary Affairs]. 外交部. p. 54. ISBN 978-957-02-9381-4. ... 塔德八士兩地繼續與喀什噶爾之中國當局保持禮物之交換 / Taghdumbash to continue maintain tribute exchange with Chinese authorities at Kashgar

[icimod-2] ئ ^ا «Taxkorgan Nature Reserve». icimod.org. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development. لە ڕەسەنەکە لە ١٢ی ئابی ٢٠١٦ ئەرشیڤ کراوە. لە ٥ی شوباتی ٢٠١٧ ھێنراوە. Basically flat and in places more than 5km wide, the Taxkorgan Valley (the Taghdumbash Pamir on old maps) was part of the ancient Silk Route

[Stein-3] Stein، M. Aurel (1907). Ancient Khotan: Detailed Report of Archaeological Explorations in Chinese Turkestan. Vol. 1. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press. p. 32. That part of the valley which properly bears the designation of Taghdumbash Pamir may be said to extend from the Wakhjir Pass to a short distance above Dafdar

[Kreutzmann2003-4] ئ ^ا «Yak keeping in Western High Asia: Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Southern Xinjiang Pakistan, by Hermann Kreutzmann». The Yak (2nd ed.). Bangkok: FAO RAP. June 2003. ISBN 9251049653.

[Snedden2015-5] ئ ^ا Christopher Snedden (2015). Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris. Oxford University Press. p. 119. ISBN 978-1-84904-342-7. For 200 years, the Mir of Hunza had paid tribute annually to officials of China's Qing/Manchu dynasty located in Kashgar. .. the Mir may have received tribute from a lesser ruler in the Taghdumbash Pamir north of Hunza. Although the Mir of Hunza eventually accepted Dogra suzerainty, the British only forced him to end his tributary relationship with China in 1937

[6] «Gazetteer of Gilgit». Simla Government of India Press (2nd ed.). Simla: Government of India Press: 85. 1927. In former days Salim Khan, son of Ayasho and ruler of Hunza, marched against the Kirghiz nomads of the Taghdumash Pamir, and in the battle that ensued utterly routed them. In celebration of his victory he erected a cairn of stones at Dafdar, and sent a trophy of Kirghiz heads as present to the Chinese, together with a message that Hunza territory extended as far as Dafdar. Although hitherto Humza had held no intercourse of any kind with the Chinese, the latter returned a present to Salim Khan for having conquered their enemies, and henceforward a custom of an annual interchange of presents between the Chinese and the people of Hunza has prevailed to this day. Hunza has also drawn a yearly tribute in the form of a grazing tax, from all, whether Kirghiz or Sarikuli, who graze in the Taghdumbash.

[fws-7] USFWS (1990-10-05). «Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Proposed Threatened Status for Argali» (PDF). Federal Register. USDOI. لە 2017-02-05 ھێنراوە. consisting of fewer than 150 animals, was confined to the western part of the Chalachigu Valley, a finger of land extending between Afghanistan on the north and Pakistan to the south.

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