یارمەتی:IPA/Polish

ئەمە پەڕەیەکی زانیارییە کە كۆدەنگیی دەستکاریکردنی کۆمەڵگەکە ڕوون دەکاتەوە لەسەر یەکێک یان زیاتر لە نەریت و کردارەکانی ویکیپیدیا. ئەمە یەکێک نییە لە سیاسەتە فەرمییەکانی ویکیپیدیا.

نەبزوێنەکان
IPA	پۆڵەندی	نموونە	نزیکی ئینگلیزی
b	b	bardzo	bike
ɕ	ś, s(i)^[١]	Jaś	she
d	d	dawno	door
dz^[٢]	dz	dzban	beds
dʑ^[٢]	dź, dz(i)^[١]	dziadek	jeep^[٣]
dʐ ^[٢]	dż	Dżakarta	jug^[٣]
f	f	foka	feist
ɡ	g	grać	girl
ɡʲ	g(i)^[١]	Gienek	argue
ɣ	ch, h	niechby	roughly like go but without completely blocking air flow on the g
j	j, i^[١]	jak	yes
j̃^[٤]	ń	koń	voice
k	k	krowa	scam
kʲ	k(i)^[١]	kierowca	skew
l	l	lampa	lion
m	m^[٥]	morze	mile
n	n^[٥]	nad	Nile
ɲ	ń, n(i)^[٥]^[١]	nie	canyon
ŋ^[٦]	n^[٥]	bank	bank
p	p	policja	spike
r	r	różowy	rolled r like Italian Roma
s	s	smak	sign
ʂ	sz	szybko	shore^[٣]
t	t	tak	stow
tɕ^[٢]	ć, c(i)^[١]	cierpki	cheer^[٣]
ts^[٢]	c	całkiem	cats
tʂ^[٢]	cz	czy	child^[٣]
v	w	wartość	vile
w^[٧]	ł	ładny	way
x	ch, h	chleb	(Scottish) loch
xʲ	ch(i), h(i)^[١]	hiacynt	huge
z	z	zebra	zebra
ʑ	ź, z(i)^[١]	ziarno	vision, azure^[٣]
ʐ	ż, rz	rzadko	vision, azure^[٣]

بزوێنەکان
IPA	پۆڵەندی	نموونە	نزیکی ئینگلیزی
a	a	tam	father
ɛ	e	krem	bet
ɛ̃	ę^[٥]	kęs	French vin
i	i^[١]	piwo	eat
ɨ	y	my	roses
ɔ	o	rok	off
ɔ̃	ą^[٥]	wąs	French son
u	u, ó	duży	boot

Other symbols used for Polish
IPA	Explanation
ˈ	Primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable), usually the penultimate syllable of a word.
ˌ	Secondary stress (placed before the stressed syllable).
.	Syllable break.

تێبینییەکان

^ ^ئ ^ا ^ب ^پ ^ت ^ج ^چ ^ح ^خ ^د The letter داڕێژە:Angbr, when it is followed by a vowel, represents a pronunciation like a داڕێژە:Angbr or a "soft" pronunciation of the preceding consonant (so pies is pronounced as if it were spelt داڕێژە:Angbr). It has the same effect as an acute accent on alveolar consonants (داڕێژە:Angbr, داڕێژە:Angbr, داڕێژە:Angbr, داڕێژە:Angbr, داڕێژە:Angbr) so się, cios and niania are pronounced as if they were spelt داڕێژە:Angbr, داڕێژە:Angbr, داڕێژە:Angbr. A following داڕێژە:Angbr also softens consonants when it is itself pronounced as a vowel: zima, ci and dzisiaj are pronounced as if they were spelled داڕێژە:Angbr, داڕێژە:Angbr, داڕێژە:Angbr.
^ ^ئ ^ا ^ب ^پ ^ت ^ج The affricates /ts, dz, tɕ, dʑ, tʂ, dʐ/) may be written more precisely with ligature ties: /t͡s, d͡z, t͡ɕ, d͡ʑ, t͡ʂ, d͡ʐ/, but they are omitted in transcriptions as they do not display correctly in all browsers. Nonetheless, Polish contrasts affricates with stop–fricative clusters: for example, czysta داڕێژە:Audio-IPA "clean" versus trzysta داڕێژە:Audio-IPA "three hundred".
^ ^ئ ^ا ^ب ^پ ^ت ^ج Polish makes contrasts between retroflex and alveolo-palatal consonants, both of which sound like the English postalveolars /ʃ, ʒ, tʃ, dʒ/. The retroflex sounds are pronounced "hard", with the tip of the tongue approaching the alveolar ridge and the blade of the tongue somewhat lowered, and the alveolo-palatal sounds are "soft", realized with the middle of the tongue raised, adding a bit of an داڕێژە:Angbr sound to them.
^ Allophone of /ɲ/ in coda position or before fricatives.
^ ^ئ ^ا ^ب ^پ ^ت ^ج The letters داڕێژە:Angbr and داڕێژە:Angbr represent the nasal vowels /ɔ̃, ɛ̃/ except when they are followed by a stop or affricate, when they represent oral vowels /ɔ, ɛ/ followed by a nasal consonant homorganic with the following stop or affricate: kąt [ˈkɔnt], gęba [ˈɡɛmba], ręka [ˈrɛŋka], piszący [piˈʂɔnt͡sɨ], pieniądze [pjɛˈɲɔnd͡zɛ], pięć [ˈpjɛɲt͡ɕ], jęczy [ˈjɛnt͡ʂɨ] (as if spelled *kont, *gemba, *renka, *piszoncy, *pieńondze, *pieńć, *jenczy).
^ Allophone of /n/ before a velar /ɡ, k, x/.
^ The traditional pronunciation [ɫ] is still found in a minority of speakers.

خوێندنەوەی زیاتر

Sadowska، Iwona (2012). Polish: A Comprehensive Grammar. Oxford; New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-47541-9.

بەستەرە دەرەکییەکان

Polish Pronunciation Audio and Grammar Charts

[soften-1] ئ ^ا ^ب ^پ ^ت ^ج ^چ ^ح ^خ ^د The letter داڕێژە:Angbr, when it is followed by a vowel, represents a pronunciation like a داڕێژە:Angbr or a "soft" pronunciation of the preceding consonant (so pies is pronounced as if it were spelt داڕێژە:Angbr). It has the same effect as an acute accent on alveolar consonants (داڕێژە:Angbr, داڕێژە:Angbr, داڕێژە:Angbr, داڕێژە:Angbr, داڕێژە:Angbr) so się, cios and niania are pronounced as if they were spelt داڕێژە:Angbr, داڕێژە:Angbr, داڕێژە:Angbr. A following داڕێژە:Angbr also softens consonants when it is itself pronounced as a vowel: zima, ci and dzisiaj are pronounced as if they were spelled داڕێژە:Angbr, داڕێژە:Angbr, داڕێژە:Angbr.

[affricate-2] ئ ^ا ^ب ^پ ^ت ^ج The affricates /ts, dz, tɕ, dʑ, tʂ, dʐ/) may be written more precisely with ligature ties: /t͡s, d͡z, t͡ɕ, d͡ʑ, t͡ʂ, d͡ʐ/, but they are omitted in transcriptions as they do not display correctly in all browsers. Nonetheless, Polish contrasts affricates with stop–fricative clusters: for example, czysta داڕێژە:Audio-IPA "clean" versus trzysta داڕێژە:Audio-IPA "three hundred".

[postalveolar-3] ئ ^ا ^ب ^پ ^ت ^ج Polish makes contrasts between retroflex and alveolo-palatal consonants, both of which sound like the English postalveolars /ʃ, ʒ, tʃ, dʒ/. The retroflex sounds are pronounced "hard", with the tip of the tongue approaching the alveolar ridge and the blade of the tongue somewhat lowered, and the alveolo-palatal sounds are "soft", realized with the middle of the tongue raised, adding a bit of an داڕێژە:Angbr sound to them.

[4] Allophone of /ɲ/ in coda position or before fricatives.

[nasalvowel-5] ئ ^ا ^ب ^پ ^ت ^ج The letters داڕێژە:Angbr and داڕێژە:Angbr represent the nasal vowels /ɔ̃, ɛ̃/ except when they are followed by a stop or affricate, when they represent oral vowels /ɔ, ɛ/ followed by a nasal consonant homorganic with the following stop or affricate: kąt [ˈkɔnt], gęba [ˈɡɛmba], ręka [ˈrɛŋka], piszący [piˈʂɔnt͡sɨ], pieniądze [pjɛˈɲɔnd͡zɛ], pięć [ˈpjɛɲt͡ɕ], jęczy [ˈjɛnt͡ʂɨ] (as if spelled *kont, *gemba, *renka, *piszoncy, *pieńondze, *pieńć, *jenczy).

[6] Allophone of /n/ before a velar /ɡ, k, x/.

[7] The traditional pronunciation [ɫ] is still found in a minority of speakers.

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