یارمەتی:IPA

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Symbol	Examples	Description
^ top A
[a] ( گوێگرتن)	German Mann	For many English speakers, the first part of the ow sound in cow. Found in some dialects of English in cat or father.
[ä] ( گوێگرتن)	Mandarin 他 tā, American English ah, Spanish casa, French patte
[aː] ( گوێگرتن)	German Aachen, French gare	Long [a].
[ɐ] ( گوێگرتن)	RP cut, German Kaiserslautern	(In transcriptions of English, [ɐ] is usually written داڕێژە:Angle bracket.)
[ɑ] ( گوێگرتن)	Finnish Linna, Dutch bad
[ɑː] ( گوێگرتن)	RP father, French pâte	Long [ɑ].
[ɑ̃] ( گوێگرتن)	French Caen, sans, temps	Nasalized [ɑ].
[ɒ] ( گوێگرتن)	RP cot	Like [ɑ], but with the lips slightly rounded.
[ʌ] ( گوێگرتن)	American English cut	Like [ɔ], but without the lips being rounded. (When داڕێژە:Angle bracket is used for English, it may really be [ɐ] or [ɜ].)
[æ] ( گوێگرتن)	RP cat
^ top B
[b] ( گوێگرتن)	English babble
[ɓ] ( گوێگرتن)	Swahili bwana	Like a [b] said with a gulp. See implosive consonants.
[β] ( گوێگرتن)	Spanish la Bamba, Kinyarwanda abana "children"	Like [b], but with the lips not quite touching.
^ top C
[c] ( گوێگرتن)	Turkish kebap "kebab", Czech stín "shadow", Romanian cameră "room"Greek και "and"	Between English tune (RP) and cute. Sometimes used instead for [tʃ] in languages like Hindi.
[ç] ( گوێگرتن)	German Ich	More of a y-coloration (more palatal) than [x]. Some English speakers have a similar sound in huge. To produce this sound, try whispering loudly the word "ye" as in "Hear ye!".
[ɕ] ( گوێگرتن)	Mandarin 西安 Xi'an, Polish ściana	More y-like than [ʃ]; something like English she.
[ɔ] ( گوێگرتن)	see under O
^ top D
[d] ( گوێگرتن)	English dad
[ɗ] ( گوێگرتن)	Swahili Dodoma	Like [d] said with a gulp.
[ɖ] ( گوێگرتن)	American English harder	Like [d] with the tongue curled or pulled back.
[ð] ( گوێگرتن)	English the, bathe
[dz] ( گوێگرتن)	English adds, Italian zero
[dʒ] ( گوێگرتن)	English judge
[dʑ] ( گوێگرتن)	Polish niedźwiedź "bear"	Like [dʒ], but with more of a y-sound.
[dʐ] ( گوێگرتن)	Polish dżem "jam"	Like [dʒ] with the tongue curled or pulled back.
^ top E
[e] ( گوێگرتن)	Spanish fe; French clé
[eː] ( گوێگرتن)	German Klee	Long [e]. Similar to English hey, before the y sets in.
[ɘ] ( گوێگرتن)	Australian English bird
[ə] ( گوێگرتن)	English above, Hindi ठग [ʈʰəɡ] (thug) "thief"	(Only occurs in English when not stressed.)
[ɚ] ( گوێگرتن)	American English runner
[ɛ] ( گوێگرتن)	English bet
[ɛ̃] ( گوێگرتن)	French Saint-Étienne, vin, main	Nasalized [ɛ].
[ɜ] ( گوێگرتن)	RP bird (long)
[ɝ] ( گوێگرتن)	American English bird
^ top F
[f] ( گوێگرتن)	English fun
[ɟ] ( گوێگرتن)	see under J
[ʄ] ( گوێگرتن)	see under J
^ top G
[ɡ] ( گوێگرتن)	English gag	(Should look like . No different from a Latin "g")
[ɠ] ( گوێگرتن)	Swahili Uganda	Like [ɡ] said with a gulp.
[ɢ] ( گوێگرتن)		Like [ɡ], but further back, in the throat. Found in Persian and some Arabic dialects for /q/, as in Muammar Gaddafi.
[ʒ] ( گوێگرتن)	see under Z	English beige.
^ top H
[h] ( گوێگرتن)	American English house
[ɦ] ( گوێگرتن)	English ahead, when said quickly.
[ʰ]		The extra puff of air in English top [tʰɒp] compared to stop [stɒp], or to French or Spanish [t].
[ħ] ( گوێگرتن)	Arabic ‏مُحَمَّد‎ Muhammad	Far down in the throat, like [h], but stronger.
[ɥ]	see under Y
[ɮ] ( گوێگرتن)	see under L
^ top I
[i] ( گوێگرتن)	French ville, Spanish Valladolid
[iː] ( گوێگرتن)	English sea	Long [i].
[ɪ] ( گوێگرتن)	English sit
[ɨ] ( گوێگرتن)	Russian ты "you"	Often used for unstressed English roses.
^ top J
[j] ( گوێگرتن)	English yes, hallelujah, German Junge
[ʲ]	Russian Ленин [ˈlʲenʲɪn]	Indicates a sound is more y-like.
[ʝ] ( گوێگرتن)	Spanish cayo (some dialects)	Like [j], but stronger.
[ɟ] ( گوێگرتن)	Turkish gör "see", Czech díra "hole"	Between English dew (RP) and argue. Sometimes used instead for [dʒ] in languages like Hindi.
[ʄ] ( گوێگرتن)	Swahili jambo	Like [ɟ] said with a gulp.
^ top K
[k] ( گوێگرتن)	English kick, skip
^ top L
[l] ( گوێگرتن)	English leaf
[ɫ] ( گوێگرتن)	English wool Russian малый [ˈmɑɫɨj] "small"	"Dark" el.
[ɬ] ( گوێگرتن)	Welsh llwyd [ɬʊɪd] "grey" Zulu hlala [ɬaːla] "sit"	By touching roof of mouth with tongue and giving a quick breath out. Found in Welsh placenames like Llangollen and Llanelli and Nelson Mandela's Xhosa name Rolihlahla.
[ɭ] ( گوێگرتن)		Like [l] with the tongue curled or pulled back.
[ɺ]		A flapped [l], like [l] and [ɾ] said together.
[ɮ] ( گوێگرتن)	Zulu dla "eat"	Rather like [l] and [ʒ], or [l] and [ð], said together.
^ top M
[m] ( گوێگرتن)	English mime
[ɱ] ( گوێگرتن)	English symphony	Like [m], but lips touch teeth as they do in [f].
[ɯ] ( گوێگرتن)	see under W
[ʍ] ( گوێگرتن)	see under W
^ top N
[n] ( گوێگرتن)	English nun
[ŋ] ( گوێگرتن)	English sing, Māori nga
[ɲ] ( گوێگرتن)	Spanish Peña, French champagne	Rather like English canyon (/nj/ said quickly).
[ɳ] ( گوێگرتن)	Hindi वरुण [ʋəruɳ] Varuna	Like [n] with the tongue curled or pulled back.
[ɴ] ( گوێگرتن)	Castilian Spanish Don Juan [doɴˈχwan]	Like [ŋ], but further back, in the throat.
^ top O
[o] ( گوێگرتن)	Spanish no, French eau
[oː] ( گوێگرتن)	German Boden, French Vosges	Long [o]. Somewhat reminiscent of English no.
[ɔ] ( گوێگرتن)	German Oldenburg, French Garonne
[ɔː] ( گوێگرتن)	RP law, French Limoges	Long [ɔ].
[ɔ̃] ( گوێگرتن)	French Lyon, son	Nasalized [ɔ].
[ø] ( گوێگرتن)	French feu, bœufs	Like [e], but with the lips rounded like [o].
[øː] ( گوێگرتن)	German Goethe, French Deûle, neutre	Long [ø].
[ɵ] ( گوێگرتن)	Swedish dum	Halfway between [o] and [ø]. Similar to [ʊ] but with the tongue slightly more down and front.
[œ] ( گوێگرتن)	French bœuf, seul, German Göttingen	Like [ɛ], but with the lips rounded like [ɔ].
[œː] ( گوێگرتن)	French œuvre, heure	Long [œ].
[œ̃] ( گوێگرتن)	French brun, parfum	Nasalized [œ].
[θ] ( گوێگرتن)	see under Others
[ɸ] ( گوێگرتن)	see under Others
^ top P
[p] ( گوێگرتن)	English pip
^ top Q
[q] ( گوێگرتن)	Arabic ‏قُرْآن‎ Qur’ān	Like [k], but further back, in the throat.
^ top R
[r] ( گوێگرتن)	Spanish perro, Scots borrow	"Rolled R". (Often used for other rhotics, such as English [ɹ], when there's no ambiguity.)
[ɾ] ( گوێگرتن)	Spanish pero, Tagalog daliri, Malay kabar, American English kitty/kiddie	"Flapped R".
[ʀ] ( گوێگرتن)	Dutch rood and German rot (some speakers)	A trill in the back of the throat. Found for /r/ in some conservative registers of French.
[ɽ] ( گوێگرتن)	Hindi साड़ी [sɑːɽiː] "sari"	Like flapped [ɾ], but with the tongue curled back.
[ɹ] ( گوێگرتن)	RP borrow
[ɻ] ( گوێگرتن)	Mandarin 人民日报 Rénmín Rìbào "People's Daily", American English borrow, butter	Like [ɹ], but with the tongue curled or pulled back, as pronounced by many English speakers.
[ʁ] ( گوێگرتن)	French Paris, German Riemann	Said back in the throat, but not trilled.
^ top S
[s] ( گوێگرتن)	English sass
[ʃ] ( گوێگرتن)	English shoe
[ʂ] ( گوێگرتن)	Mandarin 少林 (Shàolín), Russian Пушкин (Pushkin)	Acoustically similar to [ʃ], but with the tongue curled or pulled back.
^ top T
[t] ( گوێگرتن)	English tot, stop
[ʈ] ( گوێگرتن)	Hindi ठग [ʈʰəɡ] (thug) "thief"	Like [t], but with the tongue curled or pulled back.
[ts] ( گوێگرتن)	English cats, Russian царь tsar
[tʃ] ( گوێگرتن)	English church
[tɕ] ( گوێگرتن)	Mandarin 北京 Běijīng, Polish ciebie "you"	Like [tʃ], but with more of a y-sound.
[tʂ] ( گوێگرتن)	Mandarin 真正 zhēnzhèng, Polish czas	Like [tʃ] with the tongue curled or pulled back.
^ top U
[u] ( گوێگرتن)	French vous "you"
[uː] ( گوێگرتن)	French Rocquencourt, German Schumacher, close to RP food	Long [u].
[ʊ] ( گوێگرتن)	English foot, German Bundesrepublik
[ʉ] ( گوێگرتن)	Australian English food (long)	Like [ɨ], but with the lips rounded as for [u].
[ɥ]	see under Y
[ɯ] ( گوێگرتن)	see under W
^ top V
[v] ( گوێگرتن)	English verve
[ʋ] ( گوێگرتن)	Hindi वरुण [ʋəruɳə] "Varuna"	Between [v] and [w]. Used by some Germans and Russians for v/w, and by some speakers of British English for r.
[ɤ] ( گوێگرتن)	see under Y
[ɣ] ( گوێگرتن)	see under Y
[ʌ] ( گوێگرتن)	see under A
^ top W
[w] ( گوێگرتن)	English wow
[ʷ]	English rain [ɹʷeɪn]	Indicates a sound has lip rounding, quick.
[ʍ] ( گوێگرتن)	what (some dialects)	like [h] and [w] said together
[ɯ] ( گوێگرتن)	Turkish kayık "caïque", Scottish Gaelic gaol	Like [u], but with the lips flat; something like [ʊ].
[ɰ] ( گوێگرتن)	Spanish agua
^ top X
[x] ( گوێگرتن)	Scottish English loch, German Bach, Russian хороший [xɐˈroʂɨj] "good", Spanish joven	between [k] and [h]
[χ] ( گوێگرتن)	northern Standard Dutch Scheveningen, Castilian Spanish Don Juan [doɴˈχwan]	Like [x], but further back, in the throat. Some German and Arabic speakers have [χ] for [x].
^ top Y
[y] ( گوێگرتن)	French rue	Like [i], but with the lips rounded as for [u].
[yː] ( گوێگرتن)	German Bülow, French sûr	Long [y].
[ʏ] ( گوێگرتن)	German Düsseldorf	Like [ɪ], but with the lips rounded as for [ʊ].
[ɣ] ( گوێگرتن)	Arabic ‏غَالِي‎ ghālī and Swahili ghali "expensive", Spanish suegro	Sounds rather like French [ʁ] or between [ɡ] and [h].
[ɤ] ( گوێگرتن)	Mandarin 河南 Hénán, Scottish Gaelic taigh	Like [o] but without the lips rounded, something like a cross of [ʊ] and [ʌ].
[ʎ] ( گوێگرتن)	Italian tagliatelle	Like [l], but more y-like. Rather like English volume.
[ɥ]	French lui	Like [j] and [w] said together.
^ top Z
[z] ( گوێگرتن)	English zoo
[ʒ] ( گوێگرتن)	English vision, French journal
[ʑ] ( گوێگرتن)	formal Russian жжёшь [ʑːoʂ] "you burn", Polish źle	More y-like than [ʒ], something like beigey.
[ʐ] ( گوێگرتن)	Russian жир "fat"	Like [ʒ] with the tongue curled or pulled back.
[ɮ] ( گوێگرتن)	see under L
^ top Others
[θ] ( گوێگرتن)	English thigh, bath
[ɸ] ( گوێگرتن)	Japanese 富士 [ɸɯdʑi] Fuji, Māori [ˌɸaːɾeːˈnuiː] wharenui	Like [p], but with the lips not quite touching
[ʔ] ( گوێگرتن)	English uh-oh, Hawai‘i, German die Angst	The 'glottal stop', a catch in the breath. For some people, found in button [ˈbʌʔn̩], or between vowels across words: Deus ex machina [ˌdeɪəsˌʔɛksˈmɑːkɪnə]; in some nonstandard dialects, in a apple [əˈʔæpl̩].
[ʕ] ( گوێگرتن)	Arabic ‏عَرَبِيّ‎ ʻarabī "Arabic"	A light sound deep in the throat.
[ǀ] ( گوێگرتن)	English tsk-tsk! or tut-tut!, Zulu icici "earring"	(The English click used for disapproval.) Several distinct sounds, written as digraphs, including [kǀ], [ɡǀ], [ŋǀ]. The Zimbabwean MP Ncube has this click in his name, as did Cetshwayo.
[ǁ] ( گوێگرتن)	English tchick! tchick!, Zulu ixoxo "frog"	(The English click used to urge on a horse.) Several distinct sounds, written as digraphs, including [kǁ], [ɡǁ], [ŋǁ]. Found in the name of the Xhosa.
[ǃ] ( گوێگرتن)	Zulu iqaqa "polecat"	(The English click used to imitate the trotting of a horse.) A hollow popping sound, like a cork pulled from a bottle. Several distinct sounds, written as digraphs, including [kǃ], [ɡǃ], [ŋǃ].

• ^1 ^2 These symbols are officially written with a tie linking them (e.g. t͡ʃ), and are also sometimes written as single characters (e.g. ʧ) though the latter convention is no longer official. They are written without ligatures here to ensure correct display in all browsers.