باڤۆمێت

باڤۆمێت (/ˈbæfoʊmɛt/، بە لاتینی سەدەکانی ناوەڕاست: Baffumettus, Baffometi) خودایەکە کە سوارچاکانی پەرستگا تۆمەتبار کرابوون بە پەرستنی،^[٣] کە دواتر دەچیتە نێو نەریتە نھێنەکان و شاراوەکان، ناوی باڤۆمێت لە دەقەکانی دادگای لێکۆڵینەوە لەسەر سوارچاکانی پەرستگا لە ساڵی ١٣٠٧دا دەرکەوت، کەتا سەدەی نۆزدەیەم وشەکە لەسەر زمانی ئینگلیزی نازناوی نەبوو، کەدواتر لە ڕێگەی مشتومڕ و بیرکردنەوە لەسەر ھۆکارەکانی سەرکوتکردنی سوارچاکانی پەرستگا نازناوی پێداکرد^[٤]

وێناکردنی *بزنە سەبەتیک* لەلایەن ئێلیپاس لێڤی لە سەدەی نۆزدەیەم (Dogme et Rituel de la Haute Magie, 1856).^[١]^[٢]

لە دوای ساڵی ١٨٥٦ ناوی باڤۆمێت پەیوەندی لەگەڵ وێنەی "بزنە سەبەتیک" پێداکرد، کە وێنەکە کێشراو لەلایەن ئێلیپاس لێڤی^[٥]^[٦]^[٧] کە توخمە دوانییەکان لەخۆدەگرێت کە «ھێماکردن بۆ ھاوسەنگیی بەرامبەرەکان»^[٨] بۆ نموونە: (نیوەی مرۆڤ و نیوە گیانلەبەر، نێر و مێ، چاکە و خراپە، چالاک و پەککەووتوو، ھتد…) مەبەستی لێڤی لەلایەک بۆ وێناکردنی چەمکی ھاوسەنگی بوو، کە ناوەندی بیرۆکە موگناتیسییەکەی بوو بۆ ڕووناکی ئەستێرەیی، لە لایەکەی دیکەش باڤۆمێت نوێنەرایەتی میراتێک دەکات کە دەبێت ببێتە ھۆی سیستەمێکی کۆمەڵگەی نموونەیی

مێژوو دەستکاری

ناوی باڤۆمێت بۆ یەکەمجار لە تەممووزی ١٠٩٨دا دەرکەوت، لە نامەیەکدا کە لەلایەن خاچپەرستانی ئانسێڵمی ڕیبێمۆنت نووسرابووە

Sequenti die aurora apparente, altis vocibus Baphometh* invocaverunt; et nos Deum nostrum in cordibus nostris deprecantes, impetum facientes in eos, de muris civitatis omnes expulimus.*^[٩]	کە ڕۆژی دواتر بەرەبەیان ھات، بە دەنگیکی بەرز باڤۆمێتمان بانگکرد؛ لە دڵماندا بە بێدەنگی لە خودا دەپاڕاینەوە، ئینجا ھێرشمان کرد و لە دیواری شارەکە دەرمانکردن.^[١٠]

سەرچاوەکان دەستکاری

^ Strube, Julian (2016). "The 'Baphomet' of Èliphas Lévi: Its Meaning and Historical Context" (PDF). Correspondences: Online Journal for the Academic Study of Western Esotericism. 4: 37–79. ISSN 2053-7158. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
^ Introvigne 2016, pp. 105–109.
^ Stahuljak 2013, pp. 71–82.
^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Templars" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 599. In the 19th century a fresh impetus was given to the discussion by the publication in 1813 of F. J. M. Raynouard's brilliant defence of the order. The challenge was taken up, among others, by the famous orientalist Friedrich von Hammer-Purgstall, who in 1818 published his Mysterium Baphometis revelatum, an attempt to prove that the Templars followed the doctrines and rites of the Gnostic Ophites, the argument being fortified with reproductions of obscene representations of supposed Gnostic ceremonies and of mystic symbols said to have been found in the Templars' buildings. Wilcke, while rejecting Hammer's main conclusions as unproved, argued in favour of the existence of a secret doctrine based, not on Gnosticism, but on the unitarianism of Islam, of which Baphomet (Mahomet) was the symbol. On the other hand, Wilhelm Havemann (Geschichte des Ausganges des Tempelherrenordens, Stuttgart and Tübingen, 1846) decided in favour of the innocence of the order. This view was also taken by a succession of German scholars, in England by C. G. Addison, and in France by a whole series of conspicuous writers: e.g. Mignet, Guizot, Renan, Lavocat. Others, like Boutaric, while rejecting the charge of heresy, accepted the evidence for the spuitio and the indecent kisses, explaining the former as a formula of forgotten meaning and the latter as a sign of fraternité! {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |HIDE_PARAMETER13=، |HIDE_PARAMETER14c=، |HIDE_PARAMETER14ab=، |HIDE_PARAMETER3=، |HIDE_PARAMETER1=، |HIDE_PARAMETER4=، |HIDE_PARAMETER2=، |separator=، |HIDE_PARAMETER8=، |HIDE_PARAMETER14bb=، |HIDE_PARAMETER20=، |HIDE_PARAMETER5=، |HIDE_PARAMETER14b=، |HIDE_PARAMETER14cb=، |HIDE_PARAMETER14a=، |HIDE_PARAMETER10=، |HIDE_PARAMETER9=، |HIDE_PARAMETER15chapter=، |HIDE_PARAMETER6=، |HIDE_PARAMETER7=، |HIDE_PARAMETER11= و |HIDE_PARAMETER12= (help)
^ Strube, Julian (2016). "The 'Baphomet' of Èliphas Lévi: Its Meaning and Historical Context" (PDF). Correspondences: Online Journal for the Academic Study of Western Esotericism. 4: 37–79. ISSN 2053-7158. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
^ Introvigne 2016, pp. 105–109.
^ Waite, Class I, §2: "Since 1856 the influence of Eliphas Lévi and his doctrine of occultism has changed the face of this card, and it now appears as a pseudo-Baphometic figure with the head of a goat and a great torch between the horns; it is seated instead of erect, and in place of the generative organs there is the Hermetic caduceus."
^ Strube, Julian (2016). "The 'Baphomet' of Èliphas Lévi: Its Meaning and Historical Context" (PDF). Correspondences: Online Journal for the Academic Study of Western Esotericism. 4: 37–79. ISSN 2053-7158. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
^ Bullonii (of Bouillon), Godfrey (30 March 2018). "Godefridi Bullonii epistolae et diplomata; accedunt appendices" – via Google Books.
^ Barber & Bate 2010, p. 29.

بەستەرە دەرەکییەکان دەستکاری

[Strube-1] Strube, Julian (2016). "The 'Baphomet' of Èliphas Lévi: Its Meaning and Historical Context" (PDF). Correspondences: Online Journal for the Academic Study of Western Esotericism. 4: 37–79. ISSN 2053-7158. Retrieved 31 March 2020.

[Introvigne-2] Introvigne 2016, pp. 105–109.

[Stahuljak2-3] Stahuljak 2013, pp. 71–82.

[4] Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Templars" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 599. In the 19th century a fresh impetus was given to the discussion by the publication in 1813 of F. J. M. Raynouard's brilliant defence of the order. The challenge was taken up, among others, by the famous orientalist Friedrich von Hammer-Purgstall, who in 1818 published his Mysterium Baphometis revelatum, an attempt to prove that the Templars followed the doctrines and rites of the Gnostic Ophites, the argument being fortified with reproductions of obscene representations of supposed Gnostic ceremonies and of mystic symbols said to have been found in the Templars' buildings. Wilcke, while rejecting Hammer's main conclusions as unproved, argued in favour of the existence of a secret doctrine based, not on Gnosticism, but on the unitarianism of Islam, of which Baphomet (Mahomet) was the symbol. On the other hand, Wilhelm Havemann (Geschichte des Ausganges des Tempelherrenordens, Stuttgart and Tübingen, 1846) decided in favour of the innocence of the order. This view was also taken by a succession of German scholars, in England by C. G. Addison, and in France by a whole series of conspicuous writers: e.g. Mignet, Guizot, Renan, Lavocat. Others, like Boutaric, while rejecting the charge of heresy, accepted the evidence for the spuitio and the indecent kisses, explaining the former as a formula of forgotten meaning and the latter as a sign of fraternité! {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |HIDE_PARAMETER13=، |HIDE_PARAMETER14c=، |HIDE_PARAMETER14ab=، |HIDE_PARAMETER3=، |HIDE_PARAMETER1=، |HIDE_PARAMETER4=، |HIDE_PARAMETER2=، |separator=، |HIDE_PARAMETER8=، |HIDE_PARAMETER14bb=، |HIDE_PARAMETER20=، |HIDE_PARAMETER5=، |HIDE_PARAMETER14b=، |HIDE_PARAMETER14cb=، |HIDE_PARAMETER14a=، |HIDE_PARAMETER10=، |HIDE_PARAMETER9=، |HIDE_PARAMETER15chapter=، |HIDE_PARAMETER6=، |HIDE_PARAMETER7=، |HIDE_PARAMETER11= و |HIDE_PARAMETER12= (help)

[Strube2-5] Strube, Julian (2016). "The 'Baphomet' of Èliphas Lévi: Its Meaning and Historical Context" (PDF). Correspondences: Online Journal for the Academic Study of Western Esotericism. 4: 37–79. ISSN 2053-7158. Retrieved 31 March 2020.

[Introvigne3-6] Introvigne 2016, pp. 105–109.

[Waite2-7] Waite, Class I, §2: "Since 1856 the influence of Eliphas Lévi and his doctrine of occultism has changed the face of this card, and it now appears as a pseudo-Baphometic figure with the head of a goat and a great torch between the horns; it is seated instead of erect, and in place of the generative organs there is the Hermetic caduceus."

[Strube3-8] Strube, Julian (2016). "The 'Baphomet' of Èliphas Lévi: Its Meaning and Historical Context" (PDF). Correspondences: Online Journal for the Academic Study of Western Esotericism. 4: 37–79. ISSN 2053-7158. Retrieved 31 March 2020.

[9] Bullonii (of Bouillon), Godfrey (30 March 2018). "Godefridi Bullonii epistolae et diplomata; accedunt appendices" – via Google Books.

[10] Barber & Bate 2010, p. 29.

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